Нонпазӣ

For a key to the grammatical abbreviations and symbols used in this analysis, see the Abbreviations page.

Baking Bread (Procedural text)

(1) vraxt=a var-əm, xər=da var-əm, χeχ=ta var-əm,
flour=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR, salt=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR, water=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR,

θu=da kən-əm, t͡ʃok=ta kən-əm.
warm.salt.water=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR, mixed=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We bring flour, we bring salt, we bring water, we make warm salt water, we mix (it all together).’

(2) ʁowi=da var-əm, xer=da var-əm,
bowl=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR, salt=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR,

wəjəm=da dər du ʁowi.
put.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND in the bowl

‘We bring a bowl, we bring salt, we put (it) in the bowl.’

(3) bad χeχ=ta zaz-əm na satil, dar du vraxt=a wəj-əm ənkʲo,
then water=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR from bucket in the flour=IND put.NPST-1PL.AGR thus,

χamirmo=da wəj-əm.
yeast=IND put.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘Then we take water from a bucket, we put it in the flour like this, we put (in) yeast.’

(4) bad χʷax-əm=da ʒ=wai, χalja=da daj-əm,
then knead.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND ACC=3SG.DIST.M fist=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR,

bad d͡ʒam=da ʒ=wai kən-əm.
then gathering=IND ACC=3SG.DIST.M do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘Then we knead it, we punch it (with a fist), then we gather it together.’

(5) roʁn=da var-əm, du χamir=ra=da mal-əm.
oil=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR the dough=DAT=IND smear.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We bring oil, we smear it on the dough.’

(6) χʷixkʲ kʲe d͡ʒam mad, wai ʃture=da roʁn mal-əm.
dough that gathering become.PST 3SG.DIST.M.GEN1 upper.side=IND oil smear.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘When the dough has gathered together, we smear oil on the upper side.’

(7) t͡ʃakʲ=ta na-mit.
hard=IND NEG-become.NPST.3SG.AGR

‘It doesn’t become hard.’

(8) bad klijonka=da var-əm, ma du χamir=da bawij-əm.
then plastic.wrap=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR, on the dough=IND put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘Then we bring plastic wrap, we put it over the dough.’

(9) bad dəstorχon=ai χo, dəstorχon=da ənkʲo bawij-əm wai=ra.
then tablecloth=3SG.PROX.AGR INTNS tablecloth=IND thus put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR 3SG.DIST.M=DAT

‘Then it’s the tablecloth; we put a tablecloth on it like this.’

(10) ve=da adijol var-əm, bawij-əm=da wai=ra.
again=IND blanket bring.NPST-1PL.AGR put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND 3SG.DIST.M=DAT

‘Again we bring a blanket, we put it on it.’

(11) ma kurpat͡ʃa=da ʒ=wai wəj-əm ənkʲo.
on floor.cushion=IND ACC=3SG.DIST.M put.NPST-1PL.AGR thus

‘We put it on a floor cushion like this.’

(12) t͡ʃakʲ=ta wai=ra bawij-əm, frip-t=a.
hard=IND 3SG.DIST.M=DAT put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR arrive.NPST-3SG.AGR=IND

‘We put (the coverings) on it tight, it rises.’

(13) bad ənkʲo=da zaz-əm ʒ=wai, waz-əm=da,
then thus=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR ACC=3SG.DIST.M, divide.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND

waz-əm=da, ənda=da wəj-əm,
divide.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND, there=IND put.NPST-1PL.AGR

ve=da bawij-əm wai=ra.
again=IND put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR 3SG.DIST.M=DAT

‘Then we take it like this, we pull off (small pieces), we pull off (small pieces), we put them aside, we cover them again.’

(14) saf=ta ðaj-d, bad-əm, χi θən=da pəðaj-əm,
round=IND fall.NPST-3SG.AGR go.NPST-1PL.AGR, REFL.GEN1 clay.oven=IND ignite.NPST-1PL.AGR

jet͡s=a pəðaj-əm, jet͡s=a wəj-əm.
fire=IND ignite.NPST-1PL.AGR, fire=IND put.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘It becomes round, we go, we light our clay oven, we light the fire, we set a fire.’

(15) du θən=da roχn mit, roχn=da kən-əm.
the clay.oven=IND white become white=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘The clay oven becomes bright, we make it bright.’

(16) du jet͡s=a poq kən-əm, poq=ta kən-əm.
the fire=IND gathered do.NPST-1PL.AGR gathered=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We gather the fire together (in the middle of the oven), we gather it.’

(17) bad xər=da zaz-əm, χeχ=ta zaz-əm,
then salt=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR water=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR

du θən=ra=da daj-əm.
the clay.oven=DAT=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘Then we take salt, we take water, we sprinkle it on (the inside walls of) the oven.’

(18) χeχ qatai=da kən-əm xərob, χərob=da kən-əm,
water with=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR salty salty=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

du θən=ra=da daj-əm.
the clay.oven=DAT=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We make salty water, we make it salty, we sprinkle it on the oven.’

(19) xat=i χi θən=da waʃ-əm.
near=LNK REFL.GEN1 clay.oven=IND sweep.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We sweep near our oven.’

(20) χeχ=ta zaz-əm, xer=da dər wai wəj-əm,
water=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR salt=IND in 3SG.DIST.M.ERG put.NPST-1PL.AGR

joʁa=da araraʃ kən-əm ata du θən=ra=da daj-əm.
thus=IND mixed do.NPST-1PL.AGR and the clay.oven=DAT=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We take water, we put salt in it, we mix it like this and sprinkle it on the (inside walls of) the clay oven.’

(21) du θən=ra=da daj-əm kʲe du non poxt na-awaj-d.
the clay.oven=DAT=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR that the bread fallen NEG-put.in.NPST-3SG.AGR

‘We sprinkle it on the oven (walls) so that the bread doesn’t fall off.’

(22) daj-əm=da χeχ=i xərob du θən=ra,
hit.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND water=LNK salty the clay.oven=DAT

bad xat=i χi θən=da waʃ-əm.
then near=LNK REFL.GEN1 clay.oven=IND sweep.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We sprinkle salty water on the oven, then we sweep near our oven.’

(23) waʃ-əm=da toza.
sweep.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND clean

‘We sweep it clean.’

(24) χi non=da var-əm, span-əm=da ən takʲt.
REFL.GEN1 bread=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR fill.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND in tray

‘We bring our bread, we fill a tray.’

(25) xat=i θən=da var-əm χi non.
near=LNK clay.oven=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR REFL.GEN1 bread

‘We bring our bread near the clay oven.’

(26) rəfidɑ=da var-əm.
dough.pad=IND bring.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We bring a dough pad (a round flat cushion for sticking dough to the sides of the clay oven).’

(27) bəj-əm=da ma stol.
put.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND on table

‘We put it on a table.’

(28) tanok=ta kən-əm.
thin=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We flatten it (the dough ball).’

(29) seχ=ta daj-əm.
stick=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We flatten it with a rolling pin.’ (lit. ‘We hit with a stick.’)

(30) χeχ=ta wai=ra ənkʲo mal-əm.
water=IND 3SG.DIST.M=DAT thus rub.NPST-1PL.AGR\

‘We rub water on it like this.’

(31) ostint͡ʃa=da zaz-əm, bad rəfida=da zaz-əm.
oversleeve=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR then dough.pad=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We take an oversleeve (special oven mit), then we take the dough pad.’

(32) ma θən=da ənkʲo ʒ=wai daj-əm, pad͡ʒ-əm=da.
on clay.oven=IND thus ACC=3SG.DIST.M hit.NPST-1PL.AGR cook.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND

‘We stick it (the dough) to the oven (wall) like this; we cook (it).’

(33) ənkʲo=da daj-əm pand͡ʒ=ta, bawij-əm=da wai=ra.
thus=IND hit.NPST-1PL.AGR five=unit put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND 3SG.DIST.M=DAT

‘We put five of them like this; we cover it (the oven opening).’

(34) ponzda daqiqa=da bawij-əm wai=ra.
fifteen minute=IND put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR 3SG.DIST.M=DAT

‘We cover it for fifteen minutes.’

(35) waqt=e ki d͡ʒəmbɑn-əm=da ruʃt=an məd-ɑ,
time=REL.LNK that lift.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND red=3PL.AGR become.NPST-PRF

d͡ʒe=da kən-əm.
place=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘When we lift them (and) they’ve become golden brown, we remove (them).’

(36) ma θən=i kal=da wəj-əm.
on clay.oven=LNK head=IND put.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘We put them on top of the oven.’

(37) bu=da ve daj-əm, ve=da zaz-əm
then=IND again hit.NPST-1PL.AGR again=IND take.NPST-1PL.AGR

dəjəmbora, ðow reθ, ve=da pad͡ʒ-əm.
second.time two then again=IND cook.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘Then we again sprinkle (salt water), we take (dough pieces) again a second time, we cook (them) again (i.e., bake a second round of loaves).’

(38) daj-əm=da χeχ wai ri=ra.
hit.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND water 3SG.DIST.M.GEN1 face=DAT

‘We sprinkle water on its surface.’

(39) wai ri=ra=da χeχ daj-əm, du non=i ri=ra.
3SG.DIST.M.GEN1 face=DAT=IND water hit.NPST-1PL.AGR the bread=LNK face=DAT

‘We sprinkle water on its surface, on the bread’s surface.’

(40) χeχ=ta wai=ra daj-em, du non=ra.
water=IND 3SG.DIST.M=DAT hit.NPST-1PL.AGR the bread=DAT

‘We sprinkle water on it, on the bread.’

(41) du non=i ri=ra=da χeχ daj-əm,
the bread=LNK face=DAT=IND water hit.NPST-1PL.AGR

du θən=ra=da bawij-əm=a du non=da ruʃt mit.
the clay.oven=DAT=IND put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR the bread=IND red become.NPST.3SG.AGR

‘We sprinkle water on the bread’s surface, we cover the oven and the bread becomes golden brown.’

(42) bawij-em=da wai=ra, lai=da kən-əm,
put.on.NPST-1PL.AGR=IND 3SG.DIST.M=DAT left.alone=IND do.NPST-1PL.AGR

ruʃt=a mit.
red=IND become.NPST.3SG.AGR

‘We cover it, we leave it alone, and it becomes golden brown.’

(43) abu=da du non d͡ʒe kən-əm.
then=IND the bread place do.NPST-1PL.AGR

‘Then we remove the bread.’

(44) bu=da ve d͡ʒe kən-əm ʒ=if.
then=IND again place do.NPST-1PL.AGR ACC=3PL

Then again we remove them.’

(45) tamom, puχ=an, χi non=an puχ.
finished cook.PST=3PL.AGR REFL.GEN1 bread=3PL.AGR cook.PST

‘That’s it, they’re cooked; your (loaves of) bread are cooked.’

(46) ana!
you.see

‘Behold!’ (I.e. “It’s like this!”)